Taihe Legal News, Issue 1221

Key Takeaways for This Issue

 

The State Council Executive Meeting outlined measures to further address the issue of overdue payments owed to enterprises, among other tasks.

On August 21, Premier Li Qiang of the State Council presided over an executive meeting of the State Council, which outlined measures to further address the issue of overdue payments owed to enterprises and reviewed and approved the Draft Regulations on Emergency Response and Investigation of Power Safety Accidents (Revised) and the Draft Regulations on Market Supervision and Administration Stations.

Three departments have optimized fiscal and financial coordination to boost domestic demand.

On August 21, the Ministry of Finance, the People’s Bank of China, and the National Administration of Financial Regulation issued a notice expanding the scope of interest subsidies, increasing the number of implementing agencies, and raising the maximum subsidy amount, effective August 1.

First-instance verdict delivered in the cases involving Evergrande Group, Evergrande Real Estate, and Xu Jiayin.

On August 20, the Shenzhen Intermediate People’s Court delivered a public first-instance verdict, sentencing Xu Jiayin to life imprisonment after cumulative sentencing for multiple offenses, and imposing fines of RMB 8.82 billion on Evergrande Group and RMB 7 billion on Evergrande Real Estate.

Finance and Capital Markets

FINANCE & CAPITAL MARKETS

Three departments have optimized fiscal and financial coordination to boost domestic demand.

On August 17, the Ministry of Finance, the People’s Bank of China, and the National Administration of Financial Regulation jointly issued the “Notice on Further Enhancing Fiscal–Financial Coordination to Promote Domestic Demand” (Cai Jin [2026] No. 71), which was made public on August 21 and took effect on August 1. Building on six existing policy tools—interest subsidies for loans to small, medium, and micro enterprises; a special guarantee program for private investment; interest subsidies for loans to service-sector operators; and fiscal interest subsidies for personal consumption loans—the notice introduces three key enhancements: First, it expands the scope of interest subsidies by including newly issued working-capital loans to eligible small, medium, and micro private enterprises, with the central government providing subsidies at an annualized rate of 1 percentage point of the loan principal for terms not exceeding two years. At the same time, newly originated credit card installment plans, consumer installment plans, and cash‑advance installment products are also brought under the purview of fiscal interest subsidies for personal consumption loans, at an annualized subsidy rate of 1 percentage point. Second, it broadens the pool of implementing institutions by extending eligibility to 21 nationwide banks, as well as urban commercial banks, rural cooperative financial institutions, private banks, and foreign‑funded banks that have received a financial regulatory rating of 3A or higher—totaling approximately 400 institutions. Third, it raises the maximum subsidy caps: the annual cap for interest subsidies on loans to small, medium, and micro enterprises is increased from RMB 50 million to RMB 75 million; for service-sector operators, from RMB 10 million to RMB 20 million; and for personal consumption loans and credit‑card installment plans, the cumulative annual subsidy cap is raised from RMB 3,000 to RMB 5,000. In the first seven months of this year, these six policy tools collectively supported over RMB 20 trillion in new credit disbursements across the relevant sectors, benefiting 6.22 million enterprises and 113 million individual borrowers. Eligible enterprises are encouraged to monitor updates to the list of implementing institutions and the revised subsidy limits, and to apply promptly for interest‑subsidy support.

The People’s Bank of China and the State Administration for Market Regulation have refined the regulatory requirements for the buying and selling of Renminbi.

On August 21, the People’s Bank of China and the State Administration for Market Regulation jointly issued Announcement No. 19 of 2026, clarifying the specific circumstances under which Renminbi may or may not be bought and sold, and detailing regulatory requirements for such transactions. The announcement takes effect on September 1. It specifies that currently circulating Renminbi may not be traded, and prohibits activities—such as hoarding or speculating on identical‑number, consecutive‑number, or specially‑issued banknotes—that disrupt the orderly circulation of currency. Renminbi that have been officially withdrawn from circulation by the People’s Bank of China may be traded starting from the date of withdrawal. Commemorative coins may be traded, but ordinary commemorative coins may not be bought or sold in any form prior to their public redemption. The announcement requires that the trading of commemorative coins and withdrawn‑from‑circulation Renminbi adhere to the principles of honesty, good faith, voluntariness, and fairness; it prohibits false advertising, exaggerated claims of returns, or guarantees of returns, and forbids using Renminbi transactions to engage in money laundering, illegal fundraising, or other illicit financial activities. Packaged commemorative coins and withdrawn‑from‑circulation Renminbi must bear the name of the packaging entity, and no entity may use the People’s Bank of China’s name or logo without its authorization. Furthermore, the production of commemorative medals, vouchers, and other collectible items must not mislead consumers into believing they are Renminbi or are sold by the People’s Bank of China. Branches of the People’s Bank of China, in coordination with market‑regulation authorities, will conduct special inspections and rectifications of Renminbi trading activities, thereby addressing new business models emerging in the coin‑collecting market and establishing clear compliance boundaries for online trading platforms and collectors.

The National Administration of Financial Regulation has issued the “Measures for the Management of Insurance Companies’ Assets and Liabilities.”

On August 20, the National Administration of Financial Regulation issued the “Measures for Asset–Liability Management of Insurance Companies” (Order No. 4 of 2026) and the “Notice on Matters Related to the Implementation of the Measures,” which will take effect on January 1, 2027. At the same time, the former CBIRC’s “Interim Measures for the Supervision of Asset–Liability Management of Insurance Companies,” promulgated in 2019, is hereby repealed. The Measures comprise six chapters and 46 articles, covering general provisions, governance structure, policies and procedures, regulatory and monitoring indicators, supervisory management, and supplementary provisions. They stipulate that insurance companies shall assume primary responsibility for asset–liability management, adhere to the principles of comprehensive coverage, appropriate matching, sound prudence, and coordinated planning, and effectively mitigate risks arising from asset–liability mismatches. The Measures require the establishment of a governance framework in which the board of directors bears ultimate responsibility, senior management provides direct oversight, a lead department coordinates overall efforts, functional departments collaborate with one another, and the internal audit function conducts inspection and supervision. In line with new accounting standards and solvency regulations, the Measures introduce asset–liability regulatory indicators and specify threshold levels, while also adding new monitoring indicators and differentiated early‑warning ranges. For insurers whose regulatory indicators temporarily fall short of the required standards, a three-year transition period is permitted; during this period, companies must develop compliance plans, obtain board approval, and submit them to the regulatory authorities. The issuance of these Measures represents an important step to implement the State Council’s guidelines on promoting high-quality development of the insurance sector and to address the risks of asset–liability mismatches in a low‑interest‑rate environment. Insurance companies are urged to promptly review and refine their asset–liability management policies, procedures, and reporting mechanisms.

New trading rules for risk-alert stocks and delisting‑restructuring stocks on the Beijing Stock Exchange will take effect at the end of the month.

On August 21, the Beijing Stock Exchange issued an announcement on the implementation of relevant provisions of the “Beijing Stock Exchange Trading Rules,” specifying that the rules governing trading in risk‑alert stocks and delisting‑restructuring stocks, as set forth in the “Beijing Stock Exchange Trading Rules” promulgated on April 24, 2026, will take effect officially as of August 31. The new regulations separate the trading management of these two categories into distinct sections and establish a regulatory framework across four dimensions: disclosure of trading information, investor suitability management, members’ risk‑control obligations, and limits on trading volumes. Specifically, trading information for these two categories must be disclosed separately from that of other stocks; ordinary investors must sign a risk‑disclosure statement prior to their first purchase of such securities, and members may not accept buy orders from investors who have not done so; members are required to communicate trading risks through multiple channels, including branch offices, websites, and trading systems, and to provide advance notice—before the opening of each trading day—of the remaining trading days for delisting‑restructuring stocks. Furthermore, on any given day, cumulative purchases of a single risk‑alert stock via auction trading, block trades, or after‑hours fixed‑price trading may not exceed 200,000 shares; exceptions apply to share repurchases by listed companies and to increases in holdings by shareholders holding 5% or more of the shares, provided such increases are made in accordance with previously disclosed plans. Compared with the trial rules implemented in 2021, the new regulations introduce pre‑emptive access requirements and daily purchase caps, aiming to strengthen risk disclosure, curb speculative trading, and safeguard the interests of small and medium‑sized investors. Securities firms and other market participants are required to complete the necessary upgrades to their technical systems and adjustments to business processes by August 31.

Business and Corporations

COMMERCIAL & CORPORATE

The State Council Executive Meeting outlined measures to further address the issue of overdue payments owed to enterprises, among other tasks.

On August 21, Premier Li Qiang of the State Council presided over an executive meeting of the State Council, where he heard a report on the progress of next-generation communication network construction, outlined plans to further address outstanding payments owed to enterprises, and reviewed measures to continuously improve air quality. The meeting also deliberated and adopted the “Regulations on Emergency Response and Investigation of Power Safety Accidents (Revised Draft)” and the “Regulations on Market Supervision and Administration Stations (Draft).” The meeting emphasized the need to effectively implement initiatives to accelerate and intensify efforts to clear overdue payments to enterprises, firmly assigning responsibility to relevant entities, and urging and guiding local authorities to make full use of special bonds, targeted re-lending programs, and other policy tools. It called for breaking the “chain‑like clearance” bottleneck, substantially improving the quality of debt settlement, and rigorously preventing the emergence of new arrears. Furthermore, it stressed the importance of vigorously addressing the issue of large enterprises’ delayed payments to small and medium‑sized enterprises, refining industry‑specific payment rules, setting reasonable payment terms and conditions by sector, and clarifying criteria for identifying breaches of trust related to overdue payments. The meeting also called for strengthening oversight of large enterprises’ payment practices, reinforcing enforcement against unfair competition, strictly enforcing disclosure requirements for payment information, and standardizing the management of non‑cash payment instruments. In addition, the meeting underscored the need to adhere to an application‑driven, moderately forward‑looking approach in building next‑generation communication networks, coordinating the development of foundational networks, space‑based networks, international networks, and converged networks. It further highlighted the importance of bolstering protection of critical network infrastructure and data security to ensure both network and information security. Relevant small and medium‑sized enterprises are encouraged to closely monitor the progress of the special campaign to settle outstanding payments and safeguard their receivables in accordance with the law.

The National Development and Reform Commission is soliciting public comments on the “Measures for the Administration of Outbound Investment (Revised Draft for Public Comment).”

On August 21, the National Development and Reform Commission issued a public notice soliciting comments on the “Measures for the Administration of Outbound Investment (Revised Draft for Public Comment),” with the consultation period running from August 21 to September 20. Earlier, in June this year, the State Council had promulgated the administrative regulation “Regulations of the State Council on Outbound Investment.” This revision represents a comprehensive update to the 2017 “Measures for the Administration of Overseas Investment by Enterprises.” The draft seeks to affirm the status of all types of investors as principal entities in outbound investment, explicitly defining investors to include domestic enterprises, other organizations, and individual residents, while aligning with existing frameworks. Investors may continue to access overseas financial markets through channels such as Qualified Domestic Institutional Investors, Stock Connect, and Cross-Border Wealth Management Connect. The draft also refines the reporting regime for significant adverse circumstances and establishes an annual information‑reporting system for outbound investment, covering situations where certain economies adopt discriminatory measures, require Chinese parties to provide technology or data, or impose restrictions on equity or assets—actions that undermine China’s interests. In addition, it introduces reporting requirements for large‑scale non‑sensitive projects (including reinvestment abroad) and for project completion, and mandates preliminary‑work reporting for projects involving substantial sums and bearing implications for China’s diplomatic relations with relevant countries, thereby strengthening monitoring, early warning, and risk prevention in the field of outbound investment. Furthermore, the draft draws upon the “Regulations of the State Council on Outbound Investment” to clarify legal liabilities and detail regulatory measures. All entities intending to undertake outbound investment are encouraged to assess their compliance obligations against the draft and submit feedback during the consultation period.

The Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission has issued the “Action Plan for Promoting High-Quality Development of Cyber and Information Enterprises (2026–2030).”

On August 21, the Central Cybersecurity and Informatization Commission issued the “Action Plan for Promoting High-Quality Development of Cyber and Information Enterprises (2026–2030).” The plan emphasizes that cyber and information enterprises—driven by network information technologies and primarily engaged in cybersecurity and informatization—are a vital force in building a cyber power, playing a pivotal role in fostering new‑type productive forces and strengthening international competitiveness. Adhering to the guiding principles of simultaneously encouraging and supporting while regulating development, combining policy guidance with law‑based management, and balancing economic and social benefits, the plan outlines seven actions comprising 21 specific measures: First, an enterprise‑cultivation service initiative, providing tailored support to three categories of enterprises—ecosystem‑leading, industry‑driving, and high‑growth innovative. Second, an innovation‑capacity‑enhancement initiative, focusing on breakthroughs in critical core technologies and reinforcing the central role of enterprises as innovation drivers. Third, an industrial‑upgrade‑empowerment initiative, advancing the digital transformation of manufacturing, promoting digital rural development, and elevating the quality and sophistication of digital consumption. Fourth, an overseas‑market‑expansion initiative, supporting enterprises in orderly “going global” and establishing a comprehensive service system for international operations. Fifth, a safe and orderly‑development initiative, safeguarding security red lines, preventing disorderly competition, and strengthening the rule of law in cyberspace. Sixth, an business‑environment‑optimization initiative, creating a fair and competitive market environment. Seventh, a development‑factor‑guarantee initiative, bolstering financial support, data protection, and talent development. The plan sets a overarching goal of significantly enhancing the overall strength of cyber and information enterprises by 2030, while calling for strengthened antitrust oversight and enforcement in the sector, standardized platform pricing practices, and effective governance of excessive subsidies and “involutionary” competition. Cyber and information enterprises are encouraged to align their strategies with the action plan to better understand policy priorities and compliance requirements.

Shanghai Announces Measures to Optimize Real Estate Policies and Practices

On August 20, the Shanghai Municipal Commission of Housing and Urban–Rural Development, together with five other departments, jointly issued the “Notice on Optimizing Real Estate Policies and Measures in the Municipality,” introducing eight policy measures across five key areas: streamlining housing provident fund withdrawals, improving personal mortgage lending, implementing home‑purchase subsidies under the “trade‑in” scheme, promoting housing‑voucher resettlement, and advancing the acquisition of existing secondhand homes for use as affordable rental housing. This new package further strengthens support for areas outside the outer ring road, shifting the policy focus from home‑buying to linkages between the primary and secondary markets—such as “selling old to buy new” and revitalizing existing housing stock. Specific measures include relaxing conditions for withdrawing from the housing provident fund, adjusting personal mortgage terms, providing home‑purchase subsidies, rolling out housing‑voucher resettlement, and converting acquired secondhand properties into affordable rental units. Following the “Shanghai Nine Measures” in May 2024, the “Shanghai Six Measures” in August 2025, and the “Shanghai Seven Measures” in February 2026, this latest round of policy adjustments once again signals Shanghai’s commitment to stabilizing the property market and boosting economic circulation, with expectations that more cities will follow suit. Real estate developers, brokerage firms, and homebuyers are encouraged to closely monitor the detailed implementation rules, seize the policy window, and make well‑timed arrangements for transactions and financial planning.

The Ministry of Commerce and eight other departments have issued opinions on further boosting vitality in the lower-tier markets.

On August 18, the Ministry of Commerce and eight other departments jointly issued the “Opinions on Further Stimulating Vitality in Lower‑Tier Markets and Revitalizing County‑Level Consumption.” The document outlines a series of measures focusing on county‑level commercial facilities, distribution systems, and consumption scenarios, with the aim of unlocking the consumption potential of counties and townships and ensuring smoother economic circulation between urban and rural areas. By targeting counties as a key growth frontier, the Opinions seek to strengthen the three‑tier commercial network spanning counties, towns, and villages; address shortcomings in county‑level commercial infrastructure; encourage large‑scale commerce and logistics enterprises to expand their channels into lower‑tier markets; foster new business models such as county‑level livestreaming e‑commerce and instant retail; and improve the overall consumption environment, thereby upgrading and enhancing rural residents’ spending. At the same time, the policy reinforces support for employment and income growth, enabling farmers to “be able to consume, be willing to consume, and dare to consume.” The issuance of these Opinions represents a concrete step to implement the strategy of expanding domestic demand and promote the tiered development of the consumer market, working in synergy with fiscal and financial policies aimed at boosting domestic demand. County‑level commerce and logistics firms, e‑commerce platforms, and supply‑chain service providers are encouraged to seize opportunities in lower‑tier market deployment and, in alignment with local supporting policies, participate in building and upgrading county‑level commercial systems.

The Ministry of Commerce has announced its decision to continue the anti-dumping duties on copolymer polyoxymethylene.

On August 20, the Ministry of Commerce issued Announcement No. 36 of 2026, announcing its decision to inherit the anti‑dumping duty rates applicable to certain enterprises for imported copolyoxymethylene originating in the United States, the European Union, Taiwan, and Japan, effective August 21. On May 18, 2025, the Ministry of Commerce issued Announcement No. 25 of 2025, imposing anti‑dumping duties on copolyoxymethylene imported from the aforementioned sources for a period of five years; under this measure, Toray Plastics Co., Ltd. was subject to a rate of 35.5%, while Taiwan Toray Plastics Co., Ltd. was subject to a rate of 3.8%. Following business restructuring involving absorption‑type spin‑offs and other adjustments, Daiichi Kasei Co., Ltd. and Taiwan Daiichi Engineering Plastics Co., Ltd. applied to inherit the respective anti‑dumping duty rates and associated rights and obligations. After conducting an investigation in accordance with the law, the Ministry of Commerce decided that Daiichi Kasei Co., Ltd. would inherit the 35.5% rate, and Taiwan Daiichi Engineering Plastics Co., Ltd. would inherit the 3.8% rate. Products involved in the case exported to mainland China under the name of Toray Plastics Co., Ltd. will be subject to the “Other Japanese Companies” rate of 35.5%, while those exported under the name of Taiwan Toray Plastics Co., Ltd. will be subject to the “Other Taiwanese Companies” rate of 32.6%. Relevant importers and downstream enterprises are advised to closely monitor changes in tariff application and promptly adjust their import arrangements and compliance filings.

Litigation and Arbitration

LITIGATION & ARBITRATION

The Supreme People’s Court has issued a decision to amend the Judicial Interpretation on Civil Disputes Involving Copyright.

On August 20, the Supreme People’s Court issued the “Decision on Amending the Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law in the Trial of Civil Disputes over Copyright” (Fa Shi [2026] No. 18), which took effect on September 1. The decision further refines the standards for applying the law to address key and difficult issues in copyright judicial practice: First, it clarifies the criteria for determining “making available to the public,” removing the previous restriction in the original judicial interpretation that required “the copyright holder to do so personally or with the copyright holder’s permission.” Instead, “making available to the public” is defined as disclosing a work to an indefinite audience, without requiring that the public be aware of it; disclosure resulting from another party’s infringement also falls within this category. Second, it elaborates the rules on fair use by revising the original judicial interpretation’s reference to “artistic works in outdoor public spaces” to “artistic works in public spaces,” aligning with the 2020 amendment to the Copyright Law, and adding a proviso to specify that those who copy, paint, photograph, or videotape artistic works in public spaces may, in accordance with the law, reuse their creations in reasonable ways and within reasonable limits; however, they may not, without the copyright holder’s permission, display, exhibit, or publicly disseminate such works in the same manner. Third, it clarifies the scope of statutory license for newspaper and periodical reprints, limiting “newspapers and periodicals” to paper-based publications approved by the competent authorities, along with their digital versions that are identical in content and layout, and stipulating that both newspapers and periodicals, as well as internet information service providers among themselves, must obtain the copyright holder’s permission and pay remuneration when reprinting published works. This decision provides clear litigation guidance for the parties involved and offers the market predictable expectations regarding conduct; relevant rights holders and content platforms should, accordingly, assess their licensing arrangements and compliance requirements.

First-instance verdict delivered in the cases involving Evergrande Group, Evergrande Real Estate, and Xu Jiayin.

On the morning of August 20, the Shenzhen Intermediate People’s Court in Guangdong Province delivered its first-instance public verdict in the case involving the defendant entities Evergrande Group Co., Ltd. and Evergrande Real Estate Group Co., Ltd., as well as the defendant Xu Jiayin: Evergrande Group was sentenced to a total fine of RMB 8.82 billion for multiple offenses; Evergrande Real Estate was fined RMB 7 billion; and Xu Jiayin was sentenced to life imprisonment for multiple crimes, with deprivation of political rights for life and confiscation of all his personal property. The court also ordered the continued recovery of illicit gains, with any shortfall to be compensated. After trial, the court found that between 2016 and 2021, Evergrande Group, Evergrande Real Estate, and Xu Jiayin violated national laws by engaging in sustained, large-scale financial fraud to artificially inflate assets and conceal liabilities. They committed such criminal acts as illegally absorbing public deposits, fundraising fraud, fraudulent issuance of securities, and unlawful disclosure of material information. Furthermore, Evergrande Group and Xu Jiayin obtained control over financial institutions through bribery and other means, unlawfully siphoned off credit and insurance funds for their own use, and engaged in corporate bribery, illegal loan issuance, and unlawful misappropriation of funds. In addition, Xu Jiayin, taking advantage of his position as chairman of Evergrande Real Estate, orchestrated financial fraud and embezzled company assets under the guise of dividends. The court determined that these actions constituted the crimes of illegally absorbing public deposits, fundraising fraud, illegal loan issuance, fraudulent issuance of securities, unlawful disclosure of material information, corporate bribery, unlawful misappropriation of funds, and embezzlement by a person in a position of trust. Given the exceptionally large sums involved and the particularly egregious circumstances, the defendants were severely punished in accordance with the law. On the same day, the Shenzhen Intermediate People’s Court and the Nanshan District People’s Court also handed down judgments in cases involving 56 individuals associated with Evergrande Group, charging them with illegal absorption of public deposits, fundraising fraud, and other offenses. This case carries significant警示 implications for information disclosure in the capital markets and for the compliant operation of private enterprises.

The National Development and Reform Commission and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate jointly released typical cases on the implementation of the Law on Promoting the Private Economy.

On August 20, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate jointly released a second batch of typical cases illustrating the implementation of the Law on Promoting the Private Economy, comprising a total of 10 cases. These cases highlight the procuratorial organs’ efforts to fully and lawfully perform their functions in criminal, civil, administrative, and public-interest litigation, thereby ensuring equal protection of the legitimate rights and interests of all types of market entities. In the criminal prosecution sphere, the cases involve the lawful punishment of corruption offenses such as embezzlement, misappropriation of funds, and bribery by non‑state functionaries within private enterprises. Relying on specialized review procedures and technical assistance, the procuratorial organs have uncovered overlooked crimes and offenders and initiated additional prosecutions. In the civil prosecution domain, in a case involving an industrial company and its operator whose assets were frozen beyond the scope of the applicable legal limits and who were subjected to improperly applied measures of disqualification and sanctions, the procuratorial organs exercised lawful oversight to correct enforcement actions that clearly exceeded the scope of the mortgage‑guarantee liability. In the administrative prosecution area, where administrative penalties deviated from the principle of proportionality between offense and penalty, the procuratorial organs supervised lawful rectification through prosecutorial recommendations and other means. In the field of public-interest litigation, the procuratorial organs have promoted the standardized management and disposal of hazardous waste in the auto‑repair industry, guiding private enterprises toward green development. These typical cases focus on addressing prominent issues in law enforcement and judicial practices affecting businesses, thus implementing the spirit of the provisions on legal supervision set forth in the Law on Promoting the Private Economy. Private enterprises may, by reference to these cases, file applications for procuratorial oversight with the relevant authorities when confronted with overbroad asset preservation or improper administrative penalties, thereby safeguarding their legitimate rights and interests.

China’s first case of justifiable self-defense resulting in death during resistance to forced demolition has been handed down.

On August 18, the first-instance judgment in the case of Zhang Heng and his son, who were convicted of causing a death while resisting an illegal forced demolition, became legally effective. The court ruled that the defendants’ actions constituted legitimate self‑defense and acquitted them in accordance with the law. This case marks the first instance nationwide in which a death resulting from resistance to an illegal forced demolition was recognized as lawful self‑defense. The court found that, during the unlawful demolition of their residence, Zhang Heng and his son acted to stop the ongoing unlawful infringement and safeguard their right to residential tranquility, thereby satisfying the requirements for legitimate self‑defense under Article 20 of the Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China, and thus bearing no criminal liability. The ruling reaffirms the judiciary’s stance that the right to residential tranquility is inviolable and clarifies that citizens are entitled to exercise their right of self‑defense against unlawful intrusions into residences and violent forced demolitions. This judgment serves as a model for regulating expropriation and demolition practices in accordance with the law and for curbing violent forced demolitions, while also reminding administrative authorities to strictly follow statutory procedures and strike an appropriate balance between public interests and citizens’ property rights. Parties involved in related expropriation and demolition disputes are encouraged to closely monitor the key points of this judgment and safeguard their rights in accordance with the law.

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